| Abrus precatorius |
Abrin, anthocyanin, campesterol, choline, cycloartenol, gallic acid, trigonelline (seed); precol, abrol, abrasine and precasine (root); delphinidin (plant); glycyrrhizin (leaf, root) |
| Abutilon indicum |
Alantolactone, isoalantolactone and gallic acid (roots), beta-sitosterol and vanillic, P-coumaric, P-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic and fumaric acids (plant); linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic and capric acids (fixed oil of root) |
| Acacia arabica |
7-12 per cent tannin |
| Achyranthes aspera |
Achyranthine, oleanolic acid, xylose (plant); saponins (seed); betaine (root); ecdysterone (shoot) |
| Acacia catechu |
Acetaldehyde, fisetin, formaldehyde, gallic acid, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, procyanidin, quercetagetin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, tannin, taxifolin (plant) |
| Acacia sinuate |
Saponins which contain acacinin-C, -D and -E and a homologous series of oligosaccharides |
| Aconitum ferox |
Aconitine, Benzaconine (Picraconitine) and Aconine |
| Aconitum heterophylum |
Total alkaloids-1% Aconitine |
| Acorus calamus |
1-8, Cineole, alpha-asarone, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, azulene, beta-asarone, beta-elemene, beta-pinene, camphene, camphor, choline, delta-cadinene, elemicin, ethanol, eugenol, furfural, isoeugenol, limonene, menthol, menthone, methyl-eugenol, methyl-isoeugenol, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene (rhizome); alpha-humulene, acoric acid, alpha-terpinene, ascorbic acid, borneol, butyric acid, gamma-terpinene, methyl-chavicol, myrcene, ocimene, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, tannin, trans-anethole (plant) |
| Adhatoda vasica |
Vasicoline, adhatodine, vasicolinone and anisotine (leaves) |
| Aegle marmelos |
Skimmianine, umbelliferone, coumarins, aegelin, lupeol and alkaloids (leaf); gamma and beta-sitosterol (bark and root); psoralin, xanthotoxin, scopoletin and tembamide (root); marmarin (fruit) |
| Albizzia lebbek |
Saponins |
| Allium sativum |
Adenosine, ajoene, alanine, allicin, alliin, allyl propyl disulphide, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-tocopherol, arachidonic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, beta-phellandrene, biotin, caffeic acid, choline, citral, cycloallin, cystine, diallyl disulphide, diallyl-sulfide, diallyl-tetrasulfide, diallyl-trisulfide, ferulic acid, geraniol, glutamic acid, glutathione, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, nicotinic acid, p-coumaric acid, phenylalanine, quercetin, tryptophan, tyrosine (bulb); ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin (leaf, flower, bulb, shoot); beta-sitosterol, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, oleanolic acid, oleic acid, p-hydroxy-benzoic acid, rutin, stigmasterol, succinic acid, taurine, (plant); ornithine (leaf) |
| Aloe vera |
Aloe-emodin, aspartic acid, barbaloin, benzyl-acetone, beta-sitosterol, choline, chrysophanic acid, chrysophanol, cinnamic acid, coumarin, emodin, formic acid, glycerol, lupeol, p-coumaric acid, rhein (plant); arginine, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, folacin, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, lysine, niacin, phenyl-alanine, riboflavin, serine, thiamin, tyrosine, valine (leaf) |
| Alpinia galanga |
Oil contains 48 per cent of methyl cinnamate, 20 to 30 per cent of cincole, camphor and d-pinene |
| Alstonia scholaris |
Ditamine, echitamine, and echitenine are the principal alkaloids |
| Althaea officinalis |
Mucilage and flavonoids, arabinogalactan, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, choline, erucic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, lecithin, quercetin, salycilic acid, scopoletin |
| Anacyclus pyrethrum |
Anacyclin, pellitorine, enetriyne alcohol, hydrocarolin, inulin, traces of volatile oil and (+)-sesamin |
| Andrographis paniculata |
Andrographolide 10%, neoandrographolide (plant); homoandrographolide, andrographosterol and andrographone (leaf) |
| Anethum sova |
The major constituent of the oil is carvone. It also contains apiol and dill apioll |
| Anjelica glauca |
Large, dry root contains 1% essential oil,lactones, sesquiterpenes, d-alpha-cadinene, umbelliprenin, and a terpene alcohol |
| Anthocephalus indicus |
Bark contains cinchotannic acid like substance besides this it contains steroid, fat, reducing sugars and alkalies |
| Aristolochia indica |
Beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene |
| Asparagus racemosus |
Saponin 30%, Shatavarins I-IV (plant); diosgenin and a flavonoid glycoside (leaf); quercetin (flower); rutin (flower and leaf); Aloin (gel) |
| Asparagus adscende |
Spirostanol glycosides (asparanin A and asparanin B) and two furostanol glycosides (asparoside A and B) |
| Asteracantha longifolia |
Chiefly mucilage, fixed oil, phytosterol, and a trace of an alkaloidal substance |
| Azadiracta indica |
Azadiractin 2%, nimbin, nimbinin, nimbidin, ursolic acid, apigenin luteolin and b-sitosterol |
| Bacopa monnieri |
Bacoside 20% |
| Balliospermum montanum |
Montanin (a daphnane polyol ester), baliospermin, and other tigliane polyol esters |
| Balsamodendron myrrha |
Volatile oil (2 to 10%) is called as myrrhol and contains curninic aldehyde, eugenol, m-cresol, pinene, limonene, dipentene and two sesquiterpenes |
| Berberis aristata |
Berberine, palmitine, jastorrhizine, columbamine, tetrahydropalmitine, berb-amine, oxyberberine, and oxyacanthine |
| Bergenia ligulata |
Bergenin and b-sitosterol |
| Betula edulis |
Betulin, lupeol, oleanolic acid, acetyloheanolic acid, betulitc acid, lupenone, sitosterol, methyle betulonate, methyl betulate and a new triterpenoid, karachic acid |
| Blepharis edulis |
Blepharin |
| Boerhaavia diffusa |
Alkaloids, sterols and steroidal compounds have been isolated from the plant. A nucicoside, hypoxanthine-g-L-arabinofuranoside has been isolated from the roots |
| Bombax malabaricum |
The flowers have b -D-glucoside of b-sitosterol, free b-sitosterol hentriacontane, hentriacontanol, traces of essential oil, kaempferol and quercetin. tannic and gallic acids. |
| Boswellia seratta |
Boswellic Acid 40% & 70% > |
| Brassica juncea |
Seeds contains 30 – 38% essential oil |
| Butea frondosa |
Flavonoids, chalcone-free butein, butin, butrin |
| Calotropis procera |
B-amyrin, B-amyrin, taraxasterol and its y-isomer, taraxasteryl isovalerate, taraxasteryl acetate, gigantin, giganteol, isogiganteol, B-sitosterol |
| Capsicum frutescens |
Capsaicinoids 0.62% |
| Capsicum annuum |
Alanine, alpha-carotene, alpha-linolenic acid, alpha-phyllandrene, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, alpha-tocopherol, arginine, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, betaine, capsaicin (a red coloring matter), caffeic acid, camphene, capsaicin, caryophyllene, chlorogenic acid, citric acid, eugenol, folacin, hesperidin, homocapsaicin, limonene, linoleic acid, lutein, myrcene, niacin, oleic acid, p-coumaric acid, pulegone, riboflavin, scopoletin, solanine, solasodine, stearic acid, stigmasterol, terpinen-4-ol, thiamin, tocopherol, tryptophan and vanillylamide decynate (fruit); fucosterol and iso-citrostadienol (seed oil); acetyl-choline, choline, (pericarp); beta-sitosterol (plant) |
| Carum copticum |
Stearoptene, cumene and terpene-'thymene' |
| Casealpinia crista |
44 cassane- and norcassane-type diterpenes |
| Cassia absus |
1.5% chaksine and isochaksine |
| Cassia fistula |
Free rhein, glucoside and sennosides A and B |
| Cassia tora |
Brassinosteroids and monoglycerides |
| Crataeva nurvala |
Triterpenoids lupeol and varunol |
| Croton triglium |
Crotonic acid |
| Cuminum cyminum |
Cuminol or cumin aldehyde 56% |
| Curculigo orchioides |
Curculigoside,a phenolic glycoside.
It aslo has glycoside 5, 7-dimethoxy myricetin 3-0-L-xylo- pyranosyl 4-0- P -D glycopyranoside is present in the rhizomes |
| Curcuma amada |
Curcumin |
| Curcuma longa |
Curcumin |
| Cynodon dactylon |
Cynodin, hydrocyanic acid, and triticin |
| Cyperus rotundus |
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, epoxides, ketones, monoterpene and aliphatic alcohols |
| Dolichos biflorus |
A new and nonspecific lectin having the inner carbohydrate moiety as N-acetyl glucosamine, N-M-glycosidically linked to aspargine has been isolated from the seeds |
| Eclipta alba |
Wedelolactone, Stigmasterol and L-terthienyl methanol, b amyrin and 7-desmethyl wedelolactone- 7 - glucoside |
| Elettaria cardamomum |
Cincole, terpinal, terpinene, limonene, sabinene and terpin |
| Embelia ribes |
Embelin 8% |
| Emblica officinalis |
Tannins 20% |
| Enicostemma littorale |
Presence of glycosides, gentianine' and ophelic acid |
| Ephedra gerardiama |
Total alkaloids 1.3%, ephedrine |
| Eugenia aromatica |
10 - 13 % of tannin and caryophyllene |
| Eugenia caryophyllata |
Eugenol |
| Eugenia jambolana |
Two triterpene acids, oleanolic acid and crategelic acid(maslinic acid ) from flowers |
| Evolvulus alsinoides |
Shankhapushpine, evolvine, betaine |
| Ferula foetida |
Volatile oil, asaresinol ferulate, urnbelliferibne-a, and free ferulic acid |
| Ficus bengalensis |
A triterpine, friedelin and, 8-sitosterol (leaves). The flavonols of the leaves were identified as quercetin-3- galactoside and rutin |
| Ficus racemosa |
8-sitosterol, Tannins, Psoralens and lupeol |
| Ficus religiosa |
Beta-sitosterol and its glucosides (bark) |
| Foeniculum vulgare |
Anethole |
| Fumaria officinalis |
Fumaric acid and fumarine |
| Garcinia cambogia |
Camboginal and cambogin |
| Gardenia gummifera |
Gardenin |
| Gentiana kurroa |
Gentiopicrin , gentianic acid |
| Gloriosa superba |
Colchicines 0.2-0.3%, gloriosine |
| Glycyrrihiza glabra |
Glycyrrhizin 20% |
| Gossypium herbaceum |
Peculiar acid resin, sugar, gum, tannin, fixed oil, chlorophyll |
| Gymnema sylvestre |
Gymnemic Acid 75% |
| Hedyehium spicatum |
The essential oil has ethyl ester of p-methoxy cinnamic acid, d-sabirene cineole, sesquiterpenes and pentadecane methyl paracumarine acetate. It contain,6-sitosterol and its fl-D-glycoside |
| Hemidesmus indicus |
Flavanoid glycosides are hyperoside, isoquercitin and rutin |
| Hibiscus rosa-sinensis |
Cyanidin diglycoside, cyanidin, quereetin, hentriacontane |
| Holarrhena antidysenterica |
Conessine, kurchicine, conkurchine, kurchine and holarrhenine |
| Hydnocarpus laurifolia |
Chaulmugric acid, Hydnocarpic acid, Palmitic acid |
| Hyoscyamus niger |
Hyoscyamine, hyoscine, scopolamine, hyosciprin, choline, hyoscyamine |
| Inula racemosa |
Dihydroisoalantolactone,isoalantolac-tone and alantolactone |
| Ipomoea digitata |
Sterols, coumarin glyco-sides |
| Lawsonia inermis |
Lawsone, 2-hydroxy-1:4-naphthoquinone resin and tannin, gallic acid |
| Lepidium iberis |
Lepidin |
| Lepidium sativum |
Glucotropaeolin |
| Leptadenia reticulata |
Stigmasterol, tocopherols, hentriacontanol, a-amyrin, a-amyrin, stigmasterol and 8-sitosterol |
| Linum usitatissimum |
Linamarine |
| Mallotus philipinensis |
Rottlerin & Isorottlerin |
| MangiferineMangifera indica |
Mangiferine |
| Melia azadirachta |
Margosic acid, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbinin, kaempferol, quercureetin, 0-sitosterol, azadirone, paraisine, vanillic acid, nimbicetin, meliacins |
| Mentha arvensis |
70-90% of menthol |
| Mesua ferrea |
Xanthones, a number of 4-phenylcoumarin derivatives, friedelin and triterpene |
| Mimosa pudica |
Mimosine, 10% tannin |
| Momordica charantia |
Charantin |
| Moringa oleifera |
Ethanolic extraction yielded a number of amino acids viz., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, threonine, (-alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, arginine, phenyl-alanine, tryptophan, cystine and methionine |
| Moringa oleifera |
Anthraquinones, viz., damnacanthal, rubiadin-methyl ether, alizarin, morindone and anthragallol-2, 3-dimethyl ether |
| Momordica charantia |
Bitters 3% |
| Mucuna pruriens |
Its principle constituents are L-DOPA and the bioactive alkaloids mucunine, mucunadine, mucuadinine, prurienine and nicotine as well as -sitosterol, glutathione, lecithin, oils, venolic and gallic acids |
| Myrica nagi |
Myricitrin |
| Myristica fragrans |
Amylodextrin. |
| Nelumbo nucifera |
A triterpene betulinic acid |
| Nigella sativa |
Volatile oil that contains carvone, d -limonene, and a carbonyl compound, nigellone |
| Nardostachys jatamansi |
Jatamansic acid 3, 5%, jatamansone, jatamanshic acid and virolin |
| Ocimum sanctum |
Ursolic Acid 8% |
| Operculina turpethum |
Oleandrin,turpethin |
| Oroxylum indicum |
Oroxylin-A, baicalein and chrysin |
| Phyllanthus emblica |
Ellagic acid |
| Phyllanthus niruri |
Bitters 2%, lignans (e.g., phyllanthine and hypophyllanthine), alkaloids, and bioflavonoids (e.g., quercetin) |
| Picrorrhiza kurroa |
Kutkosides 10% |
| Piper cubeba |
10 to 18 per cent of volatile oil, also resins, amorphous cubebic acid and colorless crystalline cubebin |
| Piper longum |
Piperine, piperlonguminine, piperlongumine, piplartine, sesamin, N-isobutyldeca-trans-2-trans-4-dienamide |
| Piper methysticum |
Kawine, Kavaine Methysticcum yangonin |
| Piper nigrum |
Piperine, piperidine and piperettine |
| Pluchea lanceolata |
Betaine hydrochloride (9) Quercetin and isorhamentin are present as aglycones (leaves) |
| Plumbago zeylenica |
Plumbagin |
| Psoralea corylifolia |
Psoralens |
| Psyllium husk |
Seeds contain mucilage (10 – 20%) as the major constituent, glycoside aucubin |
| Pterocarpus marsupium |
1-epicatechin, flavones-liquiritigenin, Marsupol |
| Pterocarpus santalinus |
Chlorogenic acid, quercetin, gentisic acid, cis- sinapic acid |
| Pueraria tuberosa |
Disogenin 7% |
| Punica granatum |
22.25% tannin, Active liquid alkaloids pelletierine and isopelictierine |
| Putranjiva roxburghii |
Putranjivin |
| Quercus infectoria |
50 -70% gallo tannic acid |
| Randia spinosa |
Fresh fruit contains 2 -3% & dry fruit contains 10:% saponin |
| Raphanus sativus |
Raphanin |
| Rauwolfia serpentina |
Reserpine |
| Rheum emodi |
Emodin, Chrysophenol Rhein & Sennoside A & B |
| Ricinus communis |
Ricinin, 46 to 53 per cent of fixed oil, which consists of the glycerides of ricinoleic, isoricinoleic, stearic and dihydroxystearic acids |
| Rubia cordifolia |
Purpurine, manjistin, and xanthine garancin |
| Ruta graveolens |
Rich source Coumarins and of secondary metabolites such as furanocoumarins |
| Salacia oblonga |
The major bioactive constituents of Salacia reticulata are a xanthone-e-glucoside, mangiferin and two compounds with unique thiosugar sulfonium sulfate structures viz., salacinol and kotalanol. The other conistuents of Salacia reticulata include polyphenols viz,. epicatechin, (epigallocatechin, methylepigallocatechin etc; triterpenoids viz., kotalagenin 16-acetate, 26-hydroxy-1,3-fridelanedione, maytenfolic acid, dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oie acid |
| Salmalia malabarica |
D-glucoside of -sitosterol, free -sitosterol, hentriacontane, hentriacontanol, traces of an essential oil, kaempferol, and quercetin.J236:K236 |
| Salvadora perssica |
Saponin, salvadorine, tri methyl amine |
| Santalum album |
Santalol 90% or more. It is a mixture of two isomers known as a-santalol and,b-santalol |
| Sapindus trifoliatus |
Rind of fruit: The saponins A and C and sapindosids A and B .
Pericarp: Triterpenoid saponins, emarginatoside-B and emarginatoside-C |
| Saraca indica |
Tannins 8% |
| Saussurea lappa |
Saussurine, Kushtin |
| Sesamum indicum |
Contains sesamin & sesamalin |
| Semecarpus anacardium |
Bhilawanol & semecarpol |
| Smilax chinensis |
Flavonaid glycosides and gallic acid |
| Solanum indicum |
Solanine and solanidine |
| Solanum nigrum |
Solanine and saponin. solasodine, solamargine and solanigrine |
| Solanum nigrum |
Solanocarpine, Solanocarpidine, carpesterol |
| Strychnous potatorum |
Brucin |
| Strychnos nuxvomica |
Strychnine, brucine, pseudobrucine, pseudostrychnine and beta-colubrine. |
| Swertia chirayita |
Ophelic acid and chiratin |
| Symplocos racemosa |
Loturine, colloturine and loturidine |
| Syzygium aromaticum |
Has 14.23% clove bud oil, eugenol 70 – 90%, euginol acetate, caryophyllene |
| Tamarindus indica |
Pectins and pentosans |
| Taraxacum officinale |
Mellisic and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, (-sitoserol, stigmasterol, saponin, taraxasterol, homotaraxasterol inulin, levulin |
| Tecomella undulata |
Tecomin |
| Tephrosia purpurea |
Tephrosin, deguelin, isotephrosin and rotenone and quereetin |
| Terminalia arjuna |
Tannins 8%, Triterpenoid saponins (arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin, arjunglycosides), Flavonoids (arjunone, arjunolone, luteolin), Gallic acid, ellagic acid, Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), Phytosterols (b-sitosterol) |
| Terminalia belerica |
Tannins 40% |
| Terminalia chebula |
Tannins 60% |
| Tinospora cordifolia |
The glycoside-giloin, a non-glucoside-gilenin and gilosterol.Bitter principle include columbin, chasmanthin and palmarin'. It also has alkaloid tinosporin(4), tinosporic acid, and tinosporol (Leaves) |
| Tribulus terrestris |
Saponin 20% & 40% |
| Trichosanthes dioica |
Active principles which are strongly laxative, it is likely that cucurbitacins of steroidal structure |
| Trigonella foenum graecum |
Saponin 10% |
| Tylophora indica |
0.2 - 0.3 per cent tylophorine |
| Urgenia indica |
2 glycoside(0.3:%) viz, Scillaren A & Scillaren B |
| Valeriania officinalis |
Valerenic acid. 0.8% |
| Valeriana wallichi |
Arachidic acid, haspertonic acid, valerianic acid, acetyl valerianic acid, behemic acid, caproic and isovaleric acid, some isomeric terpenes; et-and 0-valenes, valerian phenol, caffeinic and chlorogenic acid, tannins and the alkaloids valerine and chetine |
| Vanda roxburghii |
Alkaloids and glycoside. The plant also contains tannins, saponins |
| Viola odorata |
Yioline |
| Vitex negundo |
Alkaloids, reducing sugars, glycosides, flavonoids, sterols, resins and tannins are present |
| Vitis vinifera |
Bioflavonoids (vitamin P)
Catechins and anthocyanogenic tannins |
| Wedelia calendulaccae |
Wedelolactone, Norwedelolactone and the benzo- furan, norwedelic acid |
| Withania somnifera |
Withanolides 1.5% |
| Woodfordia fruticosa |
Octacosonol and 9 -sitosterol |
| Zanthoxylon alatum |
Berberine,dictamnine, magnofluorine, xanthoplanine, skimmianine |
| Zingiber officinale |
Gingerols 5% |
| Zizypus sativa |
Betulinic acid |
| Vetiveria zizanoides |
Benzoic acid, limonene, p-cymene, palmitic acid (root); vetiselinenol, vetiverol, khusilal (a terpinoid), khusimol, elemol, alpha and beta-vetivone and cyclocopacamphenol (essential oil) |